Constructive Thus, prior knowledge at a more fine-grained level might contribute to further improvements in average recall over general level knowledge. tired, bed, awake, rest, dream, night, blanket, doze, slumber, snore, pillow, peace, yawn and drowsy) that are related to a non-presented lure word (e.g. In addition to these loosely connected details, we also store a script of the experiencea kind of story we use to narrate the memory. According to Fernndez, observer perspectives are distorted memories that can nonetheless bestow an adaptive benefit in the case of remembering a traumatic event. The effect of retrieval instructions on false recognition: exploring the nature of the gist memory impairment in amnesia. Notably, in all regions exhibiting significant pastfuture differences, future events were associated with more activity than past events, as also observed by Szpunar et al. Conway M.A, Pleydall-Pearce C.W, Whitecross S.E, Sharpe H. Neurophysiological correlates of memory for experienced and imagined events. 1988; Rosenbaum et al. prototypes) and true recognition of studied shapes compared with correct rejections of new unrelated shapes. These results further strengthen the idea that impaired false recognition of similar words and objects in amnesic and AD patients reflects an impoverished or diminished gist representation, while suggesting that the deficit extends beyond the strict confines of episodic memory. False Memories and the Misinformation Effect For example, some of the regions that we found to be strongly activated when people imagine future events, including hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex, have been linked with imagery for spatial scenes (e.g. Such observations highlight the importance of thinking broadly about the functions of episodic memory in constructing our personal and social worlds. Reconstructive Memory, Psychology of The impairment was especially pronounced for the measure of spatial coherence, indicating that the constructions of the hippocampal patients tended to consist of isolated fragments of information rather than connected scenes. In such cases, the opposing expert might challenge the generalizability of the research, question the extent of expert agreement about certain factors, or challenge the defense experts conclusions based on the literature. In fact, it would seem that on this account all observer perspective memories must be understood as distorted. This result dovetails with the suggestive findings considered earlier from amnesic patients who cannot remember or imagine events in their personal past or future despite some ability to remember and imagine non-personal information. -Memories are reconstructed from the various bits and pieces of information that have been stored away in different places at the time of encoding in a process called constructive processing. (2003) also demonstrated that right frontopolar activity exhibited strong positive correlations with the amount of intentional information produced during the future task, consistent with studies implicating this region in prospective memory (Bechara et al.
